Fire Intensity Fire Severity and Burn Severity a Brief Review and Suggested Usage

Fire intensity, fire severity and burn down severity: a brief review and suggested usage

Jon E. Keeley

+ Writer Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Inquiry Centre, Sequoia – Kings Canyon Field Station, 47050 Generals Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271, USA.

^B Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Email: jon_keeley@usgs.gov

International Journal of Wildland Fire 18(ane) 116-126 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07049
Submitted: 15 March 2007  Accepted: fifteen April 2008   Published: 17 February 2009

Abstract

Several recent papers accept suggested replacing the terminology of burn intensity and fire severity. Function of the problem with burn down intensity is that it is sometimes used incorrectly to draw fire effects, when in fact it is justifiably restricted to measures of free energy output. Increasingly, the term has created defoliation considering some authors have restricted its usage to a unmarried measure of energy output referred to as fireline intensity. This metric is most useful in understanding fire behavior in forests, simply is too narrow to fully capture the multitude of means fire energy affects ecosystems. Fire intensity represents the free energy released during various phases of a fire, and different metrics such every bit reaction intensity, fireline intensity, temperature, heating duration and radiant energy are useful for different purposes. Fire severity, and the related term burn severity, take created considerable defoliation because of recent changes in their usage. Some authors have justified this past contending that burn down severity is defined broadly every bit ecosystem impacts from burn down and thus is open up to individual interpretation. However, empirical studies have defined fire severity operationally as the loss of or modify in organic matter aboveground and belowground, although the precise metric varies with management needs. Confusion arises because burn down or burn severity is sometimes divers so that it too includes ecosystem responses. Ecosystem responses include soil erosion, vegetation regeneration, restoration of community construction, faunal recolonization, and a plethora of related response variables. Although some ecosystem responses are correlated with measures of fire or burn severity, many of import ecosystem processes have either not been demonstrated to be predicted by severity indices or have been shown in some vegetation types to be unrelated to severity. This is a critical consequence considering fire or burn down severity are readily measurable parameters, both on the ground and with remote sensing, yet ecosystem responses are of almost interest to resource managers.

Additional keywords: BAER, dNBR Landsat Thematic Mapper, soil burn down severity.

Acknowledgements

The present manuscript has profoundly benefited from word with, and comments on an earlier draft past the following colleagues: Jan Beyers, James Grace, Carl Key, Jay Miller, Jason Mogahaddas, Annette Parsons, David Fifty. Peterson, Karen Phillips, Bill Romme, Kevin Ryan, Hugh Safford, Phillip van Mantgem and Marti Witter. Thanks to Jeff Eidenshink for providing remote-sensing dNBR data. This enquiry was made possible through funding of the Joint Burn Science Program Project 04–ane-ii–01 and the USGS Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project. Any use of trade, production, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.s. government.

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